大多数MS患者以复发缓解型发病,平均10到12年后转为继发进展型MS。
在复发缓解阶段,炎性活动更为显著。因为轴索丢失发生在临床阈值以下,尽管有更多的复发及更多的MRI活动性,病人没有累积永久残疾。但是,复发和MRI活动性警示,不可逆的轴索丢失已经发生,并且继续进展达到临床阈值,也就是对应的SPMS发作界限。在继发进展阶段,复发次数减少,MRI活动性减少,而疾病负担升高,病人累积临床可见的永久残疾。长期自然病史的研究证实了早期的疾病活动的复发和核磁共振成像对后续的残疾进展的关键作用。这意味着要优化并获得最大的效益,治疗必须尽早开始。从这些不同颜色的虚线可以看出,与晚期治疗相比,早期治疗的重要影响,
NaturalhistoryofMS:
MostpatientsstartwithRR-MSandconvertintoSP-MSonaverageafter10-12yrs.InflammatoryactivitymorepronouncedduringRR-MSphase:morerelapsesandmoreMRIactivity,patientsdon’taccumulatepermanentdisability,asaxonallossisoccuringbelowclinicalthreshold.RelapsesandMRIactivityprovideawarningthatirreversibleaxonallosshasalreadyoccurredandiscontinuinguptoreachtheclincalthreshold,whichmaycorrespondtothepointofonsetofSP-MS
DuringSP-MSphase:
?lessrelapses,lessMRIactivity,higherBOD,patientisaccumulatingclinicallyvisiblepermanentdisability
Long-termnaturalhistorystudieshavedemonstratedthecriticaleffectofearlydiseaseactivitybothintermsofrelapses(Weinshenker)andMRI(O’Riordanetal.,Saileretal),onsubsequentdisabilityprogression.Itfollowsthattohaveoptimalandhighestpossiblebenefit,treatmenthastostartasearlyaspossibleandasaggressivelyaspossible.The‘pinkdotted’lineshowsmajorimpactiftreatmentstartsearly
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